null 21. BERCSÉNYI M., MAGYARY I., VIDÁCS A., URBÁNYI B., HORVÁTH Á., ITTZÉS I., IWASHASHI,M., SATO,S.: Using androgenesis and image analysis for studying colour pattern inheritance of the Japanese ornamental carp (Nishiki goi). Androgenézis és képanalízis alkalmazása a koi színfolt-öröklõdés vizsgálatában

21. BERCSÉNYI M., MAGYARY I., VIDÁCS A., URBÁNYI B., HORVÁTH Á., ITTZÉS I., IWASHASHI,M., SATO,S.: Using androgenesis and image analysis for studying colour pattern inheritance of the Japanese ornamental carp (Nishiki goi). Androgenézis és képanalízis alkalmazása a koi színfolt-öröklõdés vizsgálatában

21. BERCSÉNYI M., MAGYARY I., VIDÁCS A., URBÁNYI B., HORVÁTH Á., ITTZÉS I., IWASHASHI,M., SATO,S.: Using androgenesis and image analysis for studying colour pattern inheritance of the Japanese ornamental carp (Nishiki goi). Androgenézis és képanalízis alkalmazása a koi színfolt-öröklõdés vizsgálatában

21. Bercsényi

érk: 97.11.02.



TEHAG, 2440 Százhalombatta, Vörösmarty u 68. (az első szerző címe)


Though great diversity and beauty of the Japanese colour carp (koi) fascinate their breeders and admirers, heredity of its colour pattern is less known. Reasons of the limited knowledge might be the complexity of the system, as well as the lack of models to study this type of qualitative properties.
Preliminary investigations on colour inheritance in koi deal with single colours such as the white, orange, blue etc. (Katasonov 1978, Taniguchi et al. 1986, Wohlfarth and Rothbard 1991), but some studies involve bi- or tricolour varieties (Iwahashi 1982, Rothbard 1994). Besides traditional pairing experiments parthenogenetic propagations were also applied (Rothbard 1994, Kondoh and Sato 1990).
Esthetic and commercial value of the koi highly depend on its colour spot character-istics, i.e. composition of the colours, shape, size and location of the spots, ratio of the colours on the skin, etc. Due to the peculiar features of the above properties their genetic modeling seemed to be quite difficult up to now. Mathematical description of the pattern makes possible the application of the models of quantitative genetics. Image processing is a computerized method for the analysis of pictures. It transforms the image into digitized components. By the help of those components various mathe-matical transformations can be done on the picture. Individual and mean values of the components of the "beauty properties" e.g. the total percentage of a given colour on the body surface. One of the available image processing programs is Image Pro Plus (Media Cybernetics). Both direct - video camera computer - and indirect - photo scanner computer applications are possible.
Using only males in the parental generation and comparing them to their androgenic progeny would simplify and accurate calculation of genetic parameters, as genetic and environmental variance (VG, VE) , or heritability (h2). Phenotypic variance of the first androgenetic generation consist of the environmental component and the genetic component caused by the genetic diversity of the sperm cells of the male. In the second or consecutive generations progenies of the same family are clones - as monozygotic twins - and their phenotypic variance is equal to the environmental variance. The only genetic variance exist between the androgenic families. Techniques of androgenesis in cyprinids are more or less known as for interspecific as for intraspecific androgenics (Liu et al. 1987, Kondoh et al. 1989, Bongers et al. 1994, Bercsényi et al. 1994).
On the example of a red/white (kohaku) type koi we show how to calculate heritability (h2) of the red colour coverage % on the skin. Other "beauty features" are to handle on the same way.
One takes at least four kohaku males having red spot coverage from about 10 to 90 % of the skin. By the help of the image analyzer precise measurements of the red coverage on each fish should be done. Androgenic fry from each kohaku males are to produce. When the offspring reaches 5-6 months of age the colour pattern is completed. Now measurment of the red coverage % on the offspring has to be carried out. Means of the values of androgenic families from each male are to calculate. Tangent of the line got by linear regression of offspring family values on their parental (male) ones gives the heritability of the red coverage %.
The use of androgenesis and image analyisis may contribute to better understanding and modelling of qualitative properties in animal breeding.
©©
Colour figures are available upon request from the authors


REFERENCE:


Bercsényi, M., Magyary, I., Urbányi, B., Amirinian, C., Yousefian, M., 1995. Goldfish from common carp eggs (in Hung) XI. Round-Table Conf. on Animal Biotechnology. Gyöngyös, floppYnfo 011.
Bongers, A.B.J., Veld, E.P.C., Abo-Hashema, K., Bremmer, I.M., Eding E.H., Komen, J., Richter, C.J.J., 1994. Androgenesis in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using UV irradiation in a synthetic ovarian fluid and heat shocks. Aquaculture 122:
Iwahashi, M., Haruo Wakari 1976. Intensification of color of fancy carp with diet. Bull. Japanese Soc. of Scient. Fish. 42(12):1339-44
Kondoh, S., Sato, S. and Tomita, M. 1989. Induction of androgenetic fancy carp. Rep. Niigata Pref. Inland Water Fish Exp. Stn., 15:19-23
Kondoh, S., Sato, S. 1990. A method for production of androgenetic fancy carp, Cyprinus carpio. Rep. Niigata pref. Inland Water Fish Exp. Stn., 16:107-109
Katasonov, V. Ya., 1978 Color in hybrids of common and ornamental (Japanese) carp III. Inheritance of blue and orange color types. Genetika, 14:1522-1528
Liu, H., Yi, H. and Chen, H. 1987. The birth of the androgenetic homozygous diploid loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 11(3):241-246
Rothbard S. 1994. Cloning of nishiki-goi, Japanese ornamental (koi) carp. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh 46(4):171-181

Bercsényi M. et al.:


ANDROGENEZIS ÉS KÉPANALÍZIS ALKALMAZÁSA
A KOI SZÍNFOLTÖRÖKLőDÉSÉNEK VIZSGÁLATÁBAN